feat: add a backed using cranelift ir and codegen crates

This commit is contained in:
2026-04-20 23:27:16 +02:00
parent c3ee0d6e67
commit 35255a924a
6 changed files with 834 additions and 8 deletions
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/target
/**/*.o
a.out
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+6
View File
@@ -4,3 +4,9 @@ version = "0.1.0"
edition = "2024"
[dependencies]
clap = { version = "4.5", features = ["derive"] }
cranelift-codegen = "0.131.0"
cranelift-frontend = "0.131.0"
cranelift-module = "0.131.0"
cranelift-object = "0.131.0"
cranelift-native = "0.131.0"
+225
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@@ -0,0 +1,225 @@
use std::collections::HashMap;
use cranelift_codegen::{
Context,
control::ControlPlane,
ir::{self, AbiParam, InstBuilder, types},
settings::{self, Configurable},
};
use cranelift_frontend::{FunctionBuilder, FunctionBuilderContext, Variable};
use cranelift_module::{Linkage, Module, default_libcall_names};
use cranelift_object::{ObjectBuilder, ObjectModule};
use crate::frontend::{
ast::{BinaryOp, UnaryOp},
sema::Ty,
typed_ast::*,
};
/// The backend responsible for lowering a `TypedModule` into Cranelift IR and
/// generating native machine code object files.
pub struct CraneliftBackend {
ctx: Context,
builder_context: FunctionBuilderContext,
module: ObjectModule,
}
impl CraneliftBackend {
/// Initializes the Cranelift backend with the host's native instruction set architecture (ISA),
/// enabling speed optimizations and position-independent code (PIC) generation.
pub fn new() -> Self {
let mut flag_builder = settings::builder();
flag_builder.set("is_pic", "true").unwrap();
flag_builder.set("opt_level", "speed").unwrap();
let isa_builder = cranelift_native::builder().unwrap_or_else(|msg| {
panic!("host machine is not supported: {}", msg);
});
let isa = isa_builder
.finish(settings::Flags::new(flag_builder))
.unwrap();
let builder = ObjectBuilder::new(isa, "module", default_libcall_names()).unwrap();
Self {
ctx: Context::new(),
builder_context: FunctionBuilderContext::new(),
module: ObjectModule::new(builder),
}
}
/// Compiles a fully typed AST module into native object code.
///
/// Returns a tuple containing the generated Cranelift IR (as a human-readable string) and the assembled object file bytes.
pub fn compile_module(mut self, module: &TypedModule) -> (String, Vec<u8>) {
let mut ir_output = String::new();
for decl in &module.decls {
match decl {
TypedDecl::Function {
name,
params,
return_type,
body,
} => {
self.compile_function(params, return_type, body);
// Run Cranelift's optimization passes before emitting the text IR
let mut ctrl_plane = ControlPlane::default();
self.ctx
.optimize(self.module.isa(), &mut ctrl_plane)
.unwrap();
ir_output.push_str(&format!(
"; Function: {}\n{}",
name,
self.ctx.func.to_string()
));
ir_output.push('\n');
let func_id = self
.module
.declare_function(name, Linkage::Export, &self.ctx.func.signature)
.unwrap();
self.module.define_function(func_id, &mut self.ctx).unwrap();
self.module.clear_context(&mut self.ctx);
}
}
}
let obj_bytes = self.module.finish().emit().unwrap();
(ir_output, obj_bytes)
}
/// Lowers a single function declaration into Cranelift IR.
///
/// This sets up the function signature, ABI parameters, entry block, and declares the parameters as local variables.
fn compile_function(&mut self, params: &[(String, Ty)], return_type: &Ty, body: &TypedStmt) {
let mut sig = self.module.make_signature();
for (_, ty) in params {
sig.params.push(AbiParam::new(Self::lower_type(ty)));
}
if return_type != &Ty::Unit {
sig.returns
.push(AbiParam::new(Self::lower_type(return_type)));
}
self.ctx.func.signature = sig;
self.ctx.func.name = ir::UserFuncName::user(0, 0);
let mut builder = FunctionBuilder::new(&mut self.ctx.func, &mut self.builder_context);
let entry_block = builder.create_block();
builder.append_block_params_for_function_params(entry_block);
builder.switch_to_block(entry_block);
builder.seal_block(entry_block);
let mut vars = HashMap::new();
for (i, (param_name, ty)) in params.iter().enumerate() {
let var = builder.declare_var(Self::lower_type(ty));
let val = builder.block_params(entry_block)[i];
builder.def_var(var, val);
vars.insert(param_name.clone(), var);
}
let mut trans = FunctionTranslator { builder, vars };
trans.translate_stmt(body);
trans.builder.finalize();
}
/// Maps our semantic types (`Ty`) to Cranelift's internal types (`ir::Type`).
fn lower_type(ty: &Ty) -> ir::Type {
match ty {
Ty::I8 | Ty::U8 => types::I8,
Ty::I16 | Ty::U16 => types::I16,
Ty::I32 | Ty::U32 => types::I32,
Ty::I64 | Ty::U64 => types::I64,
Ty::Bool => types::I8, // Booleans are represented as 8-bit integers
_ => unimplemented!("Unsupported type for Cranelift lowering: {:?}", ty),
}
}
}
/// A visitor that traverses typed statements and expressions, emitting Cranelift IR instructions into the current function builder.
struct FunctionTranslator<'a> {
builder: FunctionBuilder<'a>,
vars: HashMap<String, Variable>,
}
impl<'a> FunctionTranslator<'a> {
/// Translates a statement, recursively compiling its inner components.
fn translate_stmt(&mut self, stmt: &TypedStmt) {
match stmt {
TypedStmt::Compound { inner } => {
for s in inner {
self.translate_stmt(s);
}
}
TypedStmt::Return { value } => {
if let Some(expr) = value {
let val = self.translate_expr(expr);
self.builder.ins().return_(&[val]);
} else {
self.builder.ins().return_(&[]);
}
}
}
}
/// Translates an expression into a Cranelift IR value.
/// Emits appropriate computation instructions based on operators and operand types.
fn translate_expr(&mut self, expr: &TypedExpr) -> ir::Value {
match &expr.kind {
TypedExprKind::Identifier { name } => {
let var = self.vars.get(name).expect("Undeclared variable");
self.builder.use_var(*var)
}
TypedExprKind::Integer { value } => {
let ty = CraneliftBackend::lower_type(&expr.ty);
self.builder.ins().iconst(ty, *value as i64)
}
TypedExprKind::Boolean { value } => {
let ty = CraneliftBackend::lower_type(&expr.ty);
self.builder.ins().iconst(ty, if *value { 1 } else { 0 })
}
TypedExprKind::Unary { op, expr: inner } => {
let inner_val = self.translate_expr(inner);
match op {
UnaryOp::Neg => self.builder.ins().ineg(inner_val),
}
}
TypedExprKind::Binary { op, lhs, rhs } => {
let lhs_val = self.translate_expr(lhs);
let rhs_val = self.translate_expr(rhs);
let is_signed = matches!(lhs.ty, Ty::I8 | Ty::I16 | Ty::I32 | Ty::I64);
match op {
BinaryOp::Add => self.builder.ins().iadd(lhs_val, rhs_val),
BinaryOp::Sub => self.builder.ins().isub(lhs_val, rhs_val),
BinaryOp::Mul => self.builder.ins().imul(lhs_val, rhs_val),
BinaryOp::Div => {
if is_signed {
self.builder.ins().sdiv(lhs_val, rhs_val)
} else {
self.builder.ins().udiv(lhs_val, rhs_val)
}
}
BinaryOp::Rem => {
if is_signed {
self.builder.ins().srem(lhs_val, rhs_val)
} else {
self.builder.ins().urem(lhs_val, rhs_val)
}
}
}
}
}
}
}
+1
View File
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
pub mod cranelift;
+44 -8
View File
@@ -1,17 +1,34 @@
use std::{env::args, fs::read_to_string, process::exit};
use std::{fs::read_to_string, path::PathBuf, process::exit};
use clap::Parser as ClapParser;
use crate::frontend::parser::Parser;
use crate::frontend::sema::Sema;
pub mod backend;
pub mod frontend;
fn main() {
let Some(path) = args().nth(1) else {
eprintln!("usage: compiler <file>");
exit(1);
};
use crate::backend::cranelift::CraneliftBackend;
let content = read_to_string(&path).unwrap_or_else(|err| {
#[derive(ClapParser)]
#[command(version, about, long_about = None)]
struct Cli {
/// The input source file to compile
input: String,
/// The output file path
#[arg(short, long)]
output: Option<String>,
/// Emit Cranelift IR instead of an object file
#[arg(long)]
emit_ir: bool,
}
fn main() {
let cli = Cli::parse();
let content = read_to_string(&cli.input).unwrap_or_else(|err| {
eprintln!("error: failed to read source file ({:?})", err);
exit(1);
});
@@ -38,5 +55,24 @@ fn main() {
exit(1);
}
println!("{:#?}", typed_module);
let backend = CraneliftBackend::new();
let (ir, obj_bytes) = backend.compile_module(&typed_module);
if cli.emit_ir {
println!("{}", ir);
} else {
let output_path = cli.output.unwrap_or_else(|| {
PathBuf::from(&cli.input)
.with_extension("o")
.to_string_lossy()
.into_owned()
});
std::fs::write(&output_path, obj_bytes).unwrap_or_else(|err| {
eprintln!("error: failed to write object file: {:?}", err);
exit(1);
});
println!("Generated object file: {}", output_path);
}
}